The Federal Government’s investigative committee probing the deaths of detainees in the custody of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) in Niger State has attributed the tragedy to severe overcrowding, poor ventilation, heat stress and dehydration, ruling out a disease outbreak as the cause.
The committee found that 33 detainees, including 14 minors, died from environmental asphyxia after being confined in a cramped, poorly ventilated cell under inhumane conditions.
The chairman of the 10-member panel and former Deputy Director-General of the Department of State Services, Jonathan Kure, disclosed the findings on Tuesday while presenting the committee’s report to the Minister of Interior, Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo, in Abuja.
Kure said the deaths were preventable, citing unlawful detention conditions, failure of duty of care, disregard for repeated distress calls and inadequate supervision.
“The committee concluded that the incident was a preventable custodial tragedy caused by severe overcrowding, unlawful and unsuitable detention conditions, failure of duty of care, disregard of repeated distress warnings, inadequate supervision, and wider systemic deficiencies,” he said.
President Bola Tinubu constituted the committee to investigate the deaths of suspects arrested during operations against suspected illegal mining in Niger State.
Although initial reports put the death toll at 37, the committee authenticated 33 deaths and identified 41 survivors.
According to Kure, medical and forensic evidence showed that the victims suffered environmental asphyxia after prolonged confinement in a severely overcrowded and poorly ventilated cell. He said the evidence did not support claims that a disease outbreak caused the deaths.
The committee found that NSCDC personnel conducted raids on September 15 and 16 without an approved operational order, adequate planning or consultation with relevant mining authorities. The corps’ national headquarters was also not informed before the operation began.
Kure said approximately 50 male detainees were confined in a cell measuring about 20 square metres, with inadequate ventilation, no running water, poor lighting and no functioning toilet.
Food and drinking water were either unavailable or grossly inadequate, while adults and minors were detained together.
“The detention conditions were found to be grossly inadequate and inconsistent with constitutional safeguards, the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, the Child Rights Act, and accepted international standards,” he said.
Witnesses told the committee that detainees repeatedly banged on the cell doors and walls, shouted for help and pleaded for water as conditions deteriorated overnight.
“Despite clear evidence that conditions inside the cell had become life-threatening, officers responsible for detainee welfare failed to open the cell, to decongest the facility, or arrange emergency intervention,” Kure said.
The deaths occurred between 8pm on September 16 and 7am on September 17, when the cell was eventually opened.
Post-mortem examinations were conducted on three bodies, while the remaining 30 had been buried before the committee’s medical team arrived.
The panel also found no evidence to support allegations that an aerosol substance had been sprayed into the cell before the deaths.
However, it noted that the detention area had been cleaned, disinfected and altered before independent forensic investigators arrived. The detention register for September 16 was also unavailable.
The committee identified leadership failures and professional misconduct among officers, including the state commandant, the head of the Investigation Unit and other personnel responsible for detainee welfare.
It accused the state commandant of authorising and supervising the operation without proper planning or oversight, allowing overcrowding and subsequently attributing the deaths to a disease outbreak.
Other officers were accused of ignoring distress calls, maintaining unlawful detention conditions, failing to protect minors and participating in alterations to the detention area.
The panel recommended the prosecution of officers found culpable for offences including murder, criminal negligence, torture and inhuman treatment, where applicable. It also called for investigations into allegations of extortion and the mismanagement of exhibits.
It further recommended the summary dismissal of the state commandant and officers found directly responsible for the deaths, alongside administrative sanctions for other personnel whose failures contributed to the tragedy.
The committee proposed ₦30m in compensation for each of the 33 bereaved families and ₦10m for each of the 41 survivors, bringing the total proposed compensation package to ₦1.4bn.
It also recommended educational support for dependants of the deceased, medical rehabilitation for survivors, psychological support for affected families and a formal apology from the Federal Government.
“The committee concludes that the death of 33 detainees, including 14 minors, was entirely preventable,” Kure said.
The panel called for a comprehensive overhaul of the NSCDC’s leadership and operations, including the provision of standard detention facilities, installation of CCTV cameras in custodial areas, improved emergency medical response, stronger oversight and enhanced human rights training.
Receiving the report, Tunji-Ojo promised that the Federal Government would implement its recommendations and ensure justice for the victims.
He directed the NSCDC Commandant-General to immediately suspend officers allegedly involved in cleaning the detention centre and potentially destroying evidence.
“The best gift we can give to the deceased is justice. And justice must be done,” the minister said.
He added that the report would be forwarded to the Office of the Attorney-General of the Federation and Minister of Justice for further legal action, while the ministry would review the administrative recommendations and work with the corps on institutional reforms.
“It’s the era of setting up committees just to douse tension. It’s not now,” Tunji-Ojo said, warning that officers implicated in concealing or destroying evidence would face suspension pending investigations and disciplinary action.
Meanwhile, a committee member, Deji Adeyanju, initially expressed concern over what he described as the removal of a section of the report’s executive summary.
Adeyanju alleged that the section, which was present when the committee concluded its work, was missing from the version presented to the minister. He called for its restoration and questioned whether references to the NSCDC Commandant-General had been removed.
However, speaking to journalists after the presentation, Adeyanju said he had reviewed the full report and confirmed that the section remained in the main document.
“I don’t want these people to die in vain,” he said.
The Telegraph reports that the victims died on September 17, 2026, while in the custody of the NSCDC Niger State Command in Minna. They were among those arrested during operations against suspected illegal mining in the M.I. Wushishi and Lukoto areas of the state.
